《生理学》索引

A

暗适应Dark adaptation285暗视觉Scotopic vision280

被动转运Passive transport13白细胞Leukocyte62背侧呼吸组dorsal respiratory group174搏功Stroke work90变力作用Inotropic action132变时作用Chronotropic action132变传导作用Dromtropic action132比顺应性Specific compliance156补吸气量Inspiratoryreserve volume159补呼气量Expiratory reserve volume159不完全强直收缩Incomplete tetanus50不感蒸发（不显汗）Insensible perpiration232编码（作用）Encoding269边缘系统Babinski’s sign336巴彬斯基征Limbic system356α波阻断α-boock364

出胞Exocytosis312出血时间Bleeding time68刺激Stimulus25超常期Supranormal period26超极化Hyperpolarization28超速驱动压抑Overdrive suppression108初长度Initial length46促红细胞生成素Erythropoietin,EPO61促胰液素Secretin204促甲状腺激素Thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH382促甲状腺激素释放激素Thyrotropin-releaxing hormone,TRH378促性腺激素释放激素Gonadotropin-releasing　hormone,GnRH379促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素Corticotropin-releasing　hormone,CRH380促肾上腺皮质激素Adrenocorticotropin,ACTH382促阿片-黑素细胞皮质素原Pro-opiomelanocrtin,POMC380（阿黑皮素原）长度-张力曲线Length-tension curve46，93长时性记忆Long term memory359长时程增强Long-term potentiation361充盈期（相）filling period(phase)88充盈压Filling pressure92层流Laminar flow116湍流Turbulence116，117潮气量Tidal volume159肠抑胃素Enterogastrone202肠-胃反射Enterogastric reflex202肠致活酶Enterokinase208产热Production of heat230传导Conduction97，231传递蛋白Transducin281传入侧支性抑制Afferent collateral inhibition322窗孔结构Fenestration244重吸收Reabsoption128操作条件反射Operate conditioned reflex358催产素Oxytocin,OXT385催乳素Prolactin,PRL382雌二醇Estradiol,E2398

单纯扩散Simple diffusion11单收缩Single twitch49单位平滑肌Single-unit smooth muscle52单核细胞Monocyte62,65电-化学势Electro-chemical potential14电压门控通道Voltage-gated channel19电压钳Voltage clamp32电紧张性扩布Electrotonic propagation37电突触Electric synapse306第二信使Second messenger21,373低常期Subnormal period26动作电位Action potential25,27动脉血压Arterial blood pressureJ118动脉脉搏Atrerial pulse118动-静脉吻合支Arteriovenous anastomosis126动毛Kinocilium294等长收缩Isometric contraction46等张收缩Isotonic contraction49等容收缩期Isovolumic systole86等容舒张期Isovolumic diastole88多单位平滑肌Multi-unit smooth muscle52定向祖细胞Committed progenitors58定比重吸收Constant fraction reabsorption257代偿性间歇Compensatory pause107代谢Metabolism218端压End pressrure118胆囊收缩素Cholecystokinin(CCK)205胆盐Bile salt206胆盐的肠肝循环Enterohepatic circulation of　bile salt207对流Convection231毒蕈碱受体Muscarinic receptor313短时性记忆Short term memory359蛋白激酶CProtein kinase C,PKC375

二酰油Diacyl glycerol22二氧化碳解离曲线Carbon dioxide dissociation　curve171,172

反馈Feedback324反射弧Rdflex arc3,317锋电位Spike potential29房室延搁Atrioventricular delay110非自律细胞Non-rhythmic cell97非蛋白呼吸商Non-protein respiratory　quotient,NPRQ221非突触性化学传递Non-synaptic chemical　transmission305非特异投射系统Nonspecific projection system327非联合型学习Non-associative learning358复活Reactivqtion106肺循环Pulmonary circulation145肺通气Pulmonary ventilation150肺内压Intrapulmonary pressure154肺泡表面活性物质Alveolar surfactant156肺活量Vital capacity160肺总量Total lung capacity160肺泡通气量Alveolar ventilation160,161肺扩散容量Pulmonary diffusion capacity165肺牵张反射Pulmonary stretch reflex175腹式呼吸Abdominal breathing152腹侧呼吸组Ventral respiratory group174分节运动Segmentation contraction208放能反应Exergonic reaction218辐射原则Divergence principle318辐射Radiation231发汗Sweating(perspiration)232翻正反射Righting reflex341防御反应区Defense zone355

钙调蛋白Calmodulin51,375肝素Heparin72工作（心肌）细胞Working(cardiac)cell97冠脉循环Coronary circulation143功能余气量Functional residual volume159管球反馈Tubuloglomerular feedback258光适应Light adaptation285感觉柱Sensory column329感觉失语症Xensory aphasia362感觉区Sensory area331睾酮Testosterone,T411

化学门控通道Chmically gated channel18化学感受性反射Chemoreceptor rdflex137化学感受器Chemoreceptor177后电位Afterpotential29后负荷Afterload46后放Atfterdischarge321河豚毒Tetrodotoxin34横桥Cross bridge43横桥联接Cross bridge attachment94滑行学说Sliding theory42红细胞Erythrocyte57,59缓冲神经Buffer neerves136呼吸Respiration150呼气Expiration152呼吸运动Respiratory movement152呼吸困难Dysp(o)nea152呼吸调节中枢Pneumotaxic center173呼吸热量计Respiration calorimeter219呼吸商Respiratory quotient220回漏Back-leak247回返性抑制Recurrent inhibition322壶腹Ampulla295海马环路Hippocmpal circuit361黄体生成素Luteinizing hormone,LH382（间质细胞刺激素）(interstitial cell stimulating　hormone,ICSH)环-磷腺苷Cyclic AMP,cAMP373

继发性主动转运Secondary active transport15绝对不应期Absolute refractory period26极化Polarization28局部兴奋Local excitation36局部神经元回路Local neuronal circuit306局部回路神经元Local circuit neuron306肌原纤维Myofibril41肌小节Sarcomere41肌凝蛋白（肌球蛋白）Myosin44肌纤蛋白（肌动蛋白）Actin43肌钙蛋白（原宁蛋白）Tropnin44肌紧张Muscle tonus336肌梭Muscle spindle37集落刺激因子Colonystimulating factor,CSF62浆细胞Plasma cell63巨核细胞Megakaryocytes66交叉配血试验Cross-match test83交换血管Exchange vessel116交互性突触Reciprocal synapse306静息心指数Resting cardiac index89静息张力Resting tension92静脉回心血量Venous return122静毛Stereocilia294激肽释放酶-激肽系统Kallikrein-kinin system140激素Hormone370解剖无效腔Anatomical dead space161基本电节律Basic electrical rhythm185基础代谢Basal metabolic rate226基础代谢率Basal metabolic rate226假饲Sham-feeding198假怒Sham rage355直接测热法Direct calorimetry219菊粉Inulin263简化眼Reduced eye274聚合原则Convergence principle318脊休克Spinal shock335甲状腺素（四碘甲腺原氨酸）Thyroxin,3,5,3’,5’-tetraiodlthyronine,T4387甲状腺球蛋白Thyroglobulin,TG389甲状腺素结合球蛋白Thyroxine-binding globulin,TBG390甲状旁腺激素Parathyroid hormone,PTH394降钙素Calcitomin,CT396焦度Diopter273

跨膜信号传递Transmembrane signaling17跨膜信号转换Transmembrane signal　transduction18跨膜静息电位Transmembrane reating potential28快速（即早）基因Immediate-early gene24快速射血期（相）Rapid ejection period(phase)87快痛Fast pain332空间性总和Spitial summation37抗凝物质Anticoagulant68抗利尿激素Antidiuretic hormone259可感蒸发Sensible perspiration232

酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体Tyrosine kinase receptor23量子式释放Quantal release39粒细胞Granulocyte62淋巴细胞Lymphocyte62,65淋巴液Lymph130冷敏神经元Cold-sensitive neuron235滤过Filtration129滤过裂孔隙Filtration slit membrane242联合型学习Associative learning358裂脑Split brain363卵泡刺激素Follicle-stimulating　hormone,FSH382

膜片钳Patch clamp30,34每搏输出量Stroke volume89每分功（心脏）Minute work(heart)90每分输出量Minute volume(heart)89每分通气量Minute ventilation volume160脉搏压Pulse pressure119毛细血管前阻力Precapillary resistance115毛细血管后阻力Postcapillary resistance116毛细血管前括约肌Precapillary sphincter116毛细血管Capillary116慢痛Slow pain332慢波睡眠Slow wave sleep368

内环境Internal environment3,54内因子Inintrinsic factor60内源性激活途径Intrinsic route69内皮舒张因子Endothelium-derived relaxing　factor(EDRF)139内皮缩血管因子Endothlium-derived　vasoconstrictor factor(EDCF)139内皮素Endothelin139内脏痛Visceral pain33钠泵Sodium pump14鸟苷酸结合蛋白（G-蛋白）Guanine nucleotide-binding　protein(G-protein)22凝血因子Blood clotting factors68凝血酶Thrombin71凝集原Agglutinogen78凝集素Agglutinin78粘滞度Viscosity57粘液Mucus196粘液-碳酸氢盐屏障Mucus-bicarbonate barrier196脑缺血反应Brain ischemia response137脑循环Cerbral circulation146脑脊液Cerebrospinal fluid147脑电图Electroencephalogram,EEG364能量代谢Energy metabolism218逆向转运Antiport247逆向转运体（交换体）Antiporter(exchanger)247逆行性遗忘症Retrograde amnesia361囊斑Macula396

呕吐vomiting202

坪（平台）plateau99泊隶叶定律Poiseuilli’s law117平静呼吸Eupn(o)ea (quiet breathing)152排便Defecation211排尿Micturition269排尿欲Micturition desire266排卵Ovulation415皮肤温度Skin temperature231皮质醇Cortisol398皮质类固醇结合球蛋白Corticosteroid-binding　globulin,CBG398旁锥体系Parapyramidal system347旁分泌Paracrine4

前馈Feed-forward5前负荷Preload46前体细胞Precursors59前裂腺素Prostaglandin,PG140,409去极化（除极）Depolarzation28去大脑僵直Decerebrate rigidity339去皮层僵直Decorticate rigidity340去甲肾上腺素Norepinephrine,NE309,403“全或无”现象“all or none”phenomenon30期前收缩（期外收缩）Premature systole(extrasystole)107起搏电流Pacemaker current102气胸Pneumothorax154气道阻力Airway resistance158气体交换Gas eschange161气体扩散速率Diffusion rate of gas162球管平衡Glomerulotubular balance257醛固酮诱导蛋白Aldosterone-induced protein260醛固酮Aldosterone260,397曲张体Varicosity52牵涉痛Referred pain333牵张反射Stretch reflex336屈肌反射Flexor reflex336

人白细胞抗原Human leudocyte antigen,HLA82人绒毛膜促性腺激素Human chorionic　gonadotropin,HCG420入胞Endocytosis16容量血管Capacitance vessel116容量感受器Volume receptor136蠕动Peristalsis193,209绒毛Vullus419绒毛收缩素Villikinin214乳糜微粒Chylomicron216热价Thermal equivalent220热喘呼吸Panting232热敏神经元Warm-sensitive neuron235闰绍细胞Renshaw cell308

上行运动神经元麻痹Upper motorneuron paralysis348上行抑制系统Ascenging inhibitory system369神经垂体激素运载蛋白Neurophysin385神经调节Neuroregulation3.130神经递质Neurotransmitter307神经激素Neurohormone370神经分泌Neurocrine370三磷酸肌醇Inositol triphosphate22三碘甲腺原氨酸3,5,3’-triiodothyronine,T3387α受体α-receptor314β受体β-receptor314时间性总和Tempoal summation37时间肺活量Timed vital capacity160四乙基铵Tetraethylammonium34输血Blood transfusion77嗜酸性粒细胞Eosnophils64嗜碱性粒细胞Basophils64射血分数Ejection fraction90射血期（相）Ejection period(phase)87收缩能力（肌）Contractility49收缩（心缩期）Systole86收缩压Systolic pressure120舒张压Diastolic pressure120舒张（心舒）期Diastole88舒血管纤维Vasodilator fiber132水肿Edema129水利尿Water diuresis260缩血管神经纤维Vasoconstrictor fiber132肾素-血管紧张素系统Renin-angiotensin sysem137肾血流量Renal blood flow241肾小球滤过率Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone　system241.242.262肾血浆流量Renal plasma flow246肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统Renin-angiotensig-aldosterone　system260肾上腺素Epinephrine,E403渗透浓度Osmolality253渗透性利尿Osmotic diuresis260顺应性Compliance155顺向性遗忘症Anterograde ameesia361深吸气量Inspiratory capacity159生理无效腔Physiological dead space161生长抑素Growth hormone　release-inhibiting hormone GHRIH380生物节律Biorhythm355生长素Growth hormone,GH382生长介素Somatomedin,SM383生长素释放激素Growth hormone releasing　hormone,GHRH380生殖Reproduction411升压素Vasopressin,VP385食团Bolus192食管-胃括约肌Esophageal-gastric sphincter193食糜Chyme201食物的特殊动力作用Specific dynamic action225散热Loss of heat230适宜刺激Adequate stimulus268适应（感觉器）Adaptation271视敏度Visual acuity274视杆细胞Rod278视锥细胞Cone278视紫红质Rhodopsin279视蛋白opsin279视黄醛Retinal279视野Visual field286视网膜电图Elecrtoretinogram286权突-树突型抑制Dendrodendrtic inhibition324梭内肌纤维Intrafusal fiber337梭外肌纤维Extrafuxla fiber337失活Inactivation33失写症Agraphia362失读症Alexia362失用症Apraxia363

褪黑素melatonin408体液调节Humoral regulation233,353体温Body temperature218,228体表面积Body surface area226通透性Permeability11通气/血流比值Ventlation-perfusion ratio164通血毛细血管Preferential channel125吞饮Pinocytosis193跳跃式传导Saltatory conduction38调定点Set point353调质Modulator311条件反射Conditioned reflex3碳酸酐酶Carbonic angydrase195突触小体Synaptic knob,synaptic bouton303.304突触前受体Presynaptic receptor315突触后抑制Postsynaptic inhibition321突触前抑制Presynaptic inhibition321特异投射系统Specific projection system327

稳态homeostasis3,55完全强直收缩Complete tetanus50外源性激活途径Extrinsic route69外周阻力Peripheral resistance119外周静脉压Peripheral venous pressure123外周化学感受器Peripheral chemoreceptor177微循环Microcirculation125微胶粒Micelle206微绒毛Microvilli213微音器电位Microphonic potential292胃蛋白酶原Pepsinogen195胃动素Motilin189胃排空Gastric empty201网状结构上行激动系统Ascending reticular activating　system329位置性眼震颤Positional nystagmus342舞蹈病Chorea344

性激素结合球蛋白Sex hormone-binding　globulin,SHBG412雄激素结合蛋白Androgen binding protein,ABP412信号系统学说Signal system theory359效应器酶（膜）Effector enzyme21腺苷酸环化酶Adenylate cyclase374细胞间通道Intercellular channel21兴奋性Excitability24兴奋Excitation24兴奋-收缩耦联Excitation-contraction coupling45兴奋性突触后电位Excitatory postsynaptic　potential319相对不应期Relative refractory period107Rh血型系统Rh system81血量Blood volume55血小板Platelets,thrombocyte66,75血清Serum68血液凝固Blood coagulation68血浆Plasma56血型Blood flow77血小板的聚集过程Velocity of blood flow75血流量Blood flow116血流速度Velocity of blood flow116血压Bolld pressure116血管升压素Vasopressin139血-脑屏障Bolld-cerebrospinal fluid　barrier148血红蛋白Hemoglobin167循环系统平均充盈压Mean circulatory filling　pressure118纤维蛋白溶解酶Plasmin73纤维蛋白溶解系统Fibrinolytic system68,73心电图Electrocardiogram113心动周期Cardiac cycle85心房收缩期Atrial systole86收肌收缩性Myocardial contractility94心力贮备Cardiac reserve96心室功能曲线Ventricular function curve92心室收缩期Ventricular systole86心室舒张期Venrticular diastole88心输出量Cardiac output89心音Heart sound96心音图Phonocardiogram96心指数Cardiac index89心作功Myocardial work90心血管中枢Cardiovascular center133心房利尿钠肽Atrial natriuretic peptide140,261吸气Inspiration151吸气切断机制Inspiratory off-switch　mechanism175吸收Absorption184吸能反应Endergonic reaction218小汗腺Eccrine gland233小脑性共济失调Cerebellar ataxia243胸式呼吸Thoracic breathing152胸膜腔内压Intrapulmonary pressure154胸腺素Thymosin409消化Digestion154行波理论Theory of traveling wave290行为觉醒Behavioral arousal367下运动神经元麻痹Lower motorneuron paralysis348下丘脑调节肽Hypothalamus regulatory　peptide,HRP377

液态镶嵌模型Fluid massaic model8易化扩散Facilitated diffusion12易化区Facilitatory region339原癌基因Proto-oncogene23原肌凝蛋白Tropomyosin44阈值Thresshold26阈下刺激Subliminal(subthreshold)stimulus26α-银环蛇毒α-bungarotoxin41有效不应期Effective refractory period107有效滤过压Effective filtration pressure242,244压力感受性反射Baroreceptor reflex135用力呼吸Forced breathing160余气量Residual volume159氧容量Oxygen capacity168氧含量Oxygen content168氧饱和度Oxygen saturation168氧离曲线Oxygen dissociation curve168氧热价Thermal equivalent of oxygen220抑胃肽Gastric inhibitory　polypeptide(GIP)189抑制性突触后Inhibitory postsynaptic　potential322抑制区Suppressor region339抑制素Inhibin412孕酮Progesterone,P416月经Menstruation414盐酸Hydrochloric acid194胰高血糖素Glucagon405,407胰岛素Insulin405胰蛋白酶原Trypsinogen204胰脂肪酶Lioase204胰淀粉酶Pencreatic amylase203应激Stress400移动性运动综合波Migrating motility complex(MMC)209眼震颤Nystagmus296菸碱型受体Nicotinic receptor313营养性作用Trophic action190,317运动辅助区Supplementary motor area331α运动神经元α-motor neruon335γ运动神经元γ-motor neuron335运动区Motor area331,345运动柱Notor column346运动失语症Motor aphasia362一侧优势Laterality,cerebral dominance362异相睡眠Paradoxical sleep368诱发电位Evoked potential364依赖cAMP激酶CAMP-deopendent protein　kinase,cAMP-PK,PKA373允许作用Permissive action373

自身调节Autoregulation4自动去极化Spontaneous depolarization102自动节律性（自律性）Auto-rhythmicity107自律细胞Rhythmic cell97质膜Plasma membrane7载体Carrier12主动转运Active transport13终板电位End-plate potential40造血干细胞Hemopoitric stem cells58造血生长因子Hematopoietic growth factor,HGF62中性粒细胞Neutrophils63中心静脉压Central venous pressure123中枢化学感受器Central chenoreceptor178中枢延搁Central delay320张力速度关系曲线Force velocity relation curve47，93最大复极电位Maximal repolarization potential101最适初长Optimal length47最适前负荷Optimal preload47阻力血管Resistance vessel115轴流Axial flow118轴突反射Axon reflex133轴浆运输Axoplasmic transport,axoplaxmic　flow303组织液Interstitial fluid128，129组胺Histamine141周期性呼吸Periodic breathing181咀嚼Mastication192蒸发Evaporation232致密斑Macular densa239昼视觉Photopic vision279姿势反射Postural refelex341状态反射Attitudinal reflex341震颤麻痹Paralysis agitans344锥体系Pyramidal system346锥体外系Extrapyramidal system346